What is the minimum equipment required for signaling distress aboard a vessel?

The minimum equipment required for signaling distress aboard a vessel includes flares and a means of communication. Flares are a vital distress signal used to attract attention in emergency situations due to their visibility over long distances and ability to signal night or day. They indicate an emergency clearly to nearby vessels or aircraft, helping to facilitate a rescue.

Additionally, a means of communication, such as a radio, is necessary for effectively sending distress calls to authorities or other vessels. This allows for an accurate and immediate relay of information about the situation, which can significantly improve the chances of a timely response from rescuers.

The other options, while they may include useful items on board, do not meet the essential criteria needed to satisfactorily meet the minimum requirements for distress signaling, particularly in terms of attracting attention and communicating location and nature of emergency.