How does one recognize a vessel in distress if they are within sight?

Recognizing a vessel in distress involves careful observation of specific signals or the behavior of the vessel that deviates from normal operations. When a vessel displays distress signals, such as signals outlined in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), it indicates that the vessel requires assistance. This could include displaying specific flags, using sound signals, or showing lights that signify emergencies.

Additionally, unusual behavior can be a strong indicator of distress; for example, a vessel that is not following typical navigational patterns, such as drifting without control, or making erratic maneuvers may also signal that it is in trouble. Therefore, observing for these distress signals and unusual behaviors is essential in identifying a vessel that needs help.

The other options—size, type of hull, and flag—do not inherently convey a vessel's operational status or any distress traits. While the flag may indicate its nationality or compliance with certain regulations, it does not serve as a distress signal itself. Size and hull type provide little to no information regarding the vessel's need for assistance. Thus, the best approach to recognizing a vessel in distress is through awareness of specific distress signals and abnormal behavior.